16 research outputs found
Modeling Routing Overhead Generated by Wireless Proactive Routing Protocols
In this paper, we present a detailed framework consisting of modeling of
routing overhead generated by three widely used proactive routing protocols;
Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Fish-eye State Routing (FSR) and
Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR). The questions like, how these protocols
differ from each other on the basis of implementing different routing
strategies, how neighbor estimation errors affect broadcast of route requests,
how reduction of broadcast overhead achieves bandwidth, how to cope with the
problem of mobility and density, etc, are attempted to respond. In all of the
above mentioned situations, routing overhead and delay generated by the chosen
protocols can exactly be calculated from our modeled equations. Finally, we
analyze the performance of selected routing protocols using our proposed
framework in NS-2 by considering different performance parameters; Route
REQuest (RREQ) packet generation, End-to-End Delay (E2ED) and Normalized
Routing Load (NRL) with respect to varying rates of mobility and density of
nodes in the underlying wireless network
Co-optimization of energy and reserve capacity considering renewable energy unit with uncertainty
This paper proposes a system model for optimal dispatch of the energy and reserve capacity
considering uncertain load demand and unsteady power generation. This implicates uncertainty
in managing the power demand along with the consideration of utility, user and environmental
objectives. The model takes into consideration a day-ahead electricity market that involves the
varying power demand bids and generates a required amount of energy in addition with reserve
capacity. The lost opportunity cost is also considered and incorporated within the context of expected
load not served. Then, the effects of combined and separate dispatching the energy and reserve are
investigated. The nonlinear cost curves have been addressed by optimizing the objective function
using robust optimization technique. Finally, various cases in accordance with underlying parameters
have been considered in order to conduct and evaluate numerical results. Simulation results show
the effectiveness of proposed scheduling model in terms of reduced cost and system stability
Same data, different conclusions: Radical dispersion in empirical results when independent analysts operationalize and test the same hypothesis
In this crowdsourced initiative, independent analysts used the same dataset to test two hypotheses regarding the effects of scientists’ gender and professional status on verbosity during group meetings. Not only the analytic approach but also the operationalizations of key variables were left unconstrained and up to individual analysts. For instance, analysts could choose to operationalize status as job title, institutional ranking, citation counts, or some combination. To maximize transparency regarding the process by which analytic choices are made, the analysts used a platform we developed called DataExplained to justify both preferred and rejected analytic paths in real time. Analyses lacking sufficient detail, reproducible code, or with statistical errors were excluded, resulting in 29 analyses in the final sample. Researchers reported radically different analyses and dispersed empirical outcomes, in a number of cases obtaining significant effects in opposite directions for the same research question. A Boba multiverse analysis demonstrates that decisions about how to operationalize variables explain variability in outcomes above and beyond statistical choices (e.g., covariates). Subjective researcher decisions play a critical role in driving the reported empirical results, underscoring the need for open data, systematic robustness checks, and transparency regarding both analytic paths taken and not taken. Implications for organizations and leaders, whose decision making relies in part on scientific findings, consulting reports, and internal analyses by data scientists, are discussed
Separated field versus observation angle for different values of incidence angle when and plate length .
<p>Separated field versus observation angle for different values of incidence angle when and plate length .</p
Separated field versus observation angle for different values of admittance parameter when and plate length .
<p>Separated field versus observation angle for different values of admittance parameter when and plate length .</p
Separated field versus observation angle for different values of incidence angle when .
<p>Separated field versus observation angle for different values of incidence angle when .</p
Separated field versus observation angle for different values of incidence angle when .
<p>Separated field versus observation angle for different values of incidence angle when .</p
Separated field versus observation angle for different values of wave number when .
<p>Separated field versus observation angle for different values of wave number when .</p